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Agricultural Risk Management in the European Union and in the USA AgEcon
Szekely, Csaba; Palinkas, Peter.
Risk management has become increasingly important in virtually all aspects of the economy, including agriculture. Every country that considers agriculture a strategically important economic sector strives for effective risk management in agriculture. In our study American and European Union farmers’ risk management practices were, based on various surveys, compared. In terms of agricultural risk management, major differences between the USA and the EU were evident, and these derive from different farming cultures, differences in historical evolution, and economic philosophy. This study provides an overview regarding the important similarities and dissimilarities.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Risk management; Risk perception; EU; USA; Surveys.; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49193
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Aspects biométriques et biochimiques de la croissance de l'huître Crassostrea virginica en élevage suspendu à Solomons (Baie de Chesapeake) ArchiMer
Goulletquer, Philippe; Prou, Jean; Heral, Maurice.
Growth and proximate biochemical composition of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica were studied in the Patuxent river (Maryland), located in the middle reach of the Chesapeake bay (U.S.A.). The effects of stocking densities and environmental variables (depth, temperature) were examined in 1989-1990 on oyster population by using off-bottom culture. No significant density effect was observed on the shell growth, which is described by using a seasonally oscillating function. In contrast, the meat growth and the proximate biochemical composition were bath affected by the stacking density and the depth location. The variability of the resulting effects was observed based on a seasonal trend. Different hypothesis mainly related tO environmental conditions...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: USA; Chesapeake Bay; Oysters; Growth; Biochemical composition; Crassostrea virginica; Croissance; USA; Chesapeake Bay; Huîtres; Biochimie; Biométrie; Crassotrea virginica.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/publication-3076.pdf
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Combined effects of temperature-salinity on larval survival of the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeak Bay (USA) ArchiMer
Goulletquer, Philippe; Heral, Maurice; Prou, Jean.
Oyster landings in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay have declined by more than 50fold since the early part of the century, despite intensive management efforts. The annual shell repletion program is the most critical programmatic element to effect recovery of the ailing Eastern oyster Crassotrea virginica stock and fishery. The overall efficacy of shell repletion management depends primarily on the success of spat settlement on the planted shell, and furthermore on their survival rate. The Operations Research techniques and mathematical programming developed by Rothschild et al. (1991) attempt to maximize spat recruitment to the oyster stock subject to a series of operational constraints. Allocation and timing of shell deployment are the most...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Larval; Settlement; USA; Chesapeake Bay; Crassotrea virginica; Oysters.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1994/publication-3074.pdf
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Copenhagen and Beyond: Reflections on China’s Stance and Responses AgEcon
Zhang, ZhongXiang.
China had been singled out by Western politicians and media for dragging its feet on international climate negotiations at Copenhagen, the accusations previously always targeted on the U.S. To put such a criticism into perspective, this paper provides some reflections on China’s stance and reactions at Copenhagen. While China’s reactions are generally well rooted because of realities at home, some reactions could have been handled more effectively for a better image of China. The paper also addresses the reliability of China’s statistics on energy and GDP, the issue crucial to the reliability of China’s carbon intensity commitments. The paper discusses flaws in current international climate negotiations and closes with my suggestion that international...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Emissions Reductions; Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Statistics on Energy and GDP; Coal and Energy Consumption; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q41; Q43; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58; O53.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92836
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Die Zyklik der Profite in der Ernährungswirtschaft: Ein internationaler Vergleich AgEcon
Korner, Julia; Weiss, Christoph R..
Based upon the structure-conduct-performance approach the present paper analyses determinants of price-cost-margins over the business cycle for food industries in Germany, the USA as well as the Netherlands. Controlling for market structure variables, cyclical fluctuations in profitability are interpreted as evidence for changes in firm behaviour. The econometric panel data models reveal procyclic fluctuations of profits in highly concentrated industries in Germany. In contrast, profitability in competitive industries in Germany as well as in all US food industries are found to be more stable over the business cycle. This observation is explicable in terms of a more aggressive behaviour of firms in boom periods. The econometric model does not adequately...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Structure-conduct-performance approach; LERNER index; Food industries; Panel data; Germany; Netherlands; USA; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98878
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Economic Evidence of Willingness to Pay for the National Animal Identification System in the US AgEcon
Resende Filho, Moises de Andrade; Buhr, Brian L..
This article investigates the willingness to pay for the National Animal Identification System (NAIS) in the US. It is assumed that with the NAIS in place, consumers' risk perception about zoonosis, BSE or mad cow and residues in meat may be mitigated. Therefore, food safety indices for beef, pork and poultry summing the number of references to meat safety found in the top fifty English language news articles in circulation in the US have been constructed. These indices were incorporated in generalized almost ideal demand systems to estimate the effect of those food safety scares on the demand for meat in the US. It has been found that food safety impacts upon the final demand for meat in the US are small and do not show lagged effects. Using the preferred...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Animal Identification System; Food Safety; System of Demand Equations; Meat Industry; USA; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; C22; Q11; Q13; Q18.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25342
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Effect of ionizing radiation onVibrio bacteria in Crassostrea virginica (American oyster) ArchiMer
Eberiel, D; Dooley, K; Langton, L; Malleth, J.
The presence of Vibrio bacteria in raw shellfish poses a significant health hazard to the consuming public. These human pathogens are natural, seasonal components of the microbial flora of shellfish which can result in primary septicemic or diarrheal fatal infections. Existing shellfish depuration neither targets nor eliminates the Vibrio bacteria. For this reason, additional purification processes are necessary. In this study, the effect of low dose gamma radiation on the inactivation ofVibrio cholerae (01 and non 01) and vulnificus is investigated. Log decrement (D10) values ranging only to a high of 0.09 KGy in the Vibrio strains support the hypothesis that food irradiation technology can provide an additional effective and efficient shellfish...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: USA Coasts; USA; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio cholerae; Crassostrea virginica; Bivalvia; Vibrio; Bacteria; Self purification; Marine molluscs; Irradiation; Gamma radiation; Ionizing radiation; Oyster culture.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-1619.pdf
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Freshwater aquaculture in the United States: Complying with environmental protection law and policy ArchiMer
Noble, M.
The author deal with the relations between the freshwater fish culture and the many regulations of the environmental protection in USA. The author develops the federal and state administrative frameworks (federal government administration of aquaculture, the state government administration of aquaculture), the freshwater aquaculture and water rights, the freshwater aquaculture and wetlands regulation, the freshwater aquaculture and water quality regulation, the freshwater aquaculture and wildlife laws, the private rights: common law nuisance.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: USA; Nature conservation; Fish culture; Legal aspects; Environmental monitoring; Wetlands; Surveillance and enforcement; Water quality control; Environmental protection; Freshwater aquaculture; Water rights; Legislation.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1993/acte-1323.pdf
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Guam Fish Aggregating Device programme ArchiMer
Torres, A.
Installation and maintenance of FADs by the Government of Guam began in 1979, initially with funding from the Salstonstall-Kennedy Act through the Pacific Tuna Development Foundation. Current funding for the Guam FAD project is provided through the Dingell-Johnson/Wallop-Breaux Sport Fish Restoration programme, a Federal Aid Project funded by taxes collected on the purchase of fishing equipment and motorboat fuels nationwide. There are now sixteen operational FAD sites in Guam's waters. At a cost of approximately US$10,000 per system, concern for the rising costs of replacing and maintaining FAD systems has prompted the Department of Agriculture's Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources (DAWR) to investigate alternative FAD maintenance strategies and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Attracting techniques; Buoys; Catching methods; Financing; Fishery economics; Fishery management; Fishery policy; Fishing technology; Governments; Maintenance and repair; Marine fisheries; Mooring lines; Tuna fisheries; Article Geographic Terms: Guam; USA.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00042/15324/12650.pdf
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In What Format and under What Timeframe Would China Take on Climate Commitments? A Roadmap to 2050 AgEcon
Zhang, ZhongXiang.
In what format and under what timeframe China would take on climate commitments is of significant relevance to China because it is facing great pressure both inside and outside international climate negotiations to exhibit greater ambition and is being confronted with the threats of trade measures. It is of significant global relevance as well because when China’s emissions peak is crucial to determine when global emissions would peak and because what China is going to do in what format has significant implications for the level and ambition of commitments from other countries. In response to these concerns and to put China in a positive position, this paper maps out the roadmap for China’s specific climate commitments towards 2050. Taking many factors...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Carbon Intensity Target; Binding Emissions Caps; Post-Copenhagen Climate Negotiations; Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; India; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q52; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94843
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International study on <i>Artemia</i> : 25. Factors determining the nutritional effectiveness of <i>Artemia</i> : the relative impact of chlorinated hydrocarbons and essential fatty acids in San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay <i>Artemia</i> OMA
Léger, P.; Sorgeloos, P.; Millamena, O.M.; Simpson, K.L..
Different <i>Artemia</i> cyst samples harvested from the San Francisco and the San Pablo Bay regions (California, USA), and suspect because of their poor nutritional performance in fish and crustacean farming, have been analyzed for their chlorinated hydrocarbon and fatty acid content. These results have been correlated with survival, growth, and biomass production of larvae of the marine crustacean <i>Mysidopsis bahia</i> Molenock fed those different <i>Artemia</i> in a standard culture test. Differences in chlorinated hydrocarbon content do not correlate with differences in mysid culture performance. Fatty acid profiles reveal three groups of <i>Artemia</i> batches with high, intermediate, and low levels of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Chlorinated hydrocarbons Fatty acids Nutritional requirements Artemia INE; USA; California; San Francisco Bay INE; USA; California; San Pablo Bay.
Ano: 1985 URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3965
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Is It Fair to Treat China as a Christmas Tree to Hang Everybody’s Complaints? Putting its Own Energy Saving into Perspective AgEcon
ZhongXiang, Zhang.
China had been the world’s second largest carbon emitter for years. However, recent studies show that China had overtaken the U.S. as the world’s largest emitter in 2007. This has put China on the spotlight, just at a time when the world community starts negotiating a post-Kyoto climate regime under the Bali roadmap. China seems to become such a Christmas tree on which everybody can hang his/her complaints. This paper first discusses whether such a critics is fair by examining China’s own efforts towards energy saving, the widespread use of renewable energy and participation in clean development mechanism. Next, the paper puts carbon reductions of China’s unilateral actions into perspective by examining whether the estimated greenhouse gas emission...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Energy Saving; Renewable Energy; Post-Kyoto Climate Negotiations; Clean Development Mechanism; China; USA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q53; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52341
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La ley del muro (Internacional) Buscador Latinoamericano
Dammert Guardia, Manuel.
El 26 de Octubre de 2006 el presidente de Estados Unidos, George W. Bush, firmó la denominada “Ley del Muro”, la cual busca la construcción de un muro en distintos puntos de la frontera con México.
Tipo: Boletín Palavras-chave: LEY DEL MURO; EE. UU.; MIGRACIÓN ILEGAL; DESPLAZAMIENTOS MIGRATORIOS; LAW OF THE WALL; USA; ILLEGAL MIGRATION; MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10469/2537
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Lamotheoxyuris ackerti n. gen., n. comb. (Nematoda: Heteroxynematidae) parasite of Neotoma spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) RChHN
FALCÓN-ORDAZ,JORGE; FERNÁNDEZ,JESÚS A; GARCÍA-PRIETO,LUIS.
On the basis of the revision of the type material of Aspiculuris ackerti Kruidenier &amp; Mehra, 1959, and new specimens collected from Neotoma nelsoni Goldman, 1905 (Rodentia: Cricetidae), in Veracruz, Mexico, we herein to which A. ackerti is transferred as Lamotheoxyuris ackerti This new genus differs from all other genera included in 1) mouth surrounded by six lips; 2) extension of lateral alae describe a new genus (Lamotheoxyuris n. gen.), (Kruidener &amp; Mehra, 1959) n. gen., n. comb. Heteroxynematinae by the following main traits: reduced; and 3) lack of caudal alae.
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Aspiculuris ackerti; Mexico; Nematoda; Rodentia; USA.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2010000200007
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Maritime boundaries: Canada vs. United States OMA
Cuyvers, L..
When President Harry S. Truman issued a proclamation in 1945 that claimed an exclusive right of the United States to exploit the resources of the seabed and subsoil of its continental shelf, he heralded a new era of national interest in the oceans. The American measure set a policy that was quickly followed by many other states of the world, and as a result, the exclusive jurisdiction of coastal states over the resources in their offshore continental shelves has become one of the generally settled issues of international law of the sea. Less clear, however, are the rules that govern the delineation of the boundaries on the shelf between adjacent and opposite states. Different interpretations of rather ambiguous rules has led to friction between several...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: International boundaries ANW; Canada ANW; USA INE; Canada; British Columbia INE; USA.
Ano: 1979 URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3606
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SOBRE O VALOR ECONÔMICO DO SISTEMA DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO ANIMAL DOS EUA (NAIS): NOTÍCIAS A RESPEITO DO MAU DA VACA LOUCA AFETAM O CONSUMO DE CARNES? AgEcon
Resende Filho, Moises de Andrade; Buhr, Brian L..
Esse artigo investiga os efeitos de notícias a respeito do mau da vaca louca ou BSE sobre o consumo das carnes bovina, suína e de aves nos EUA. Presume-se que o sistema nacional de identificação animal (NAIS) poderia em tese atenuar a percepção de risco dos consumidores sobre contrair o mau da vaca louca ao consumir carnes. Sistemas de equações de demanda são estimados incorporando-se, como proxy da percepção de risco do consumidor, três séries de índices de segurança do alimento separadamente construídos para as carnes bovina, suína e de aves considerando-se notícias veiculadas sobre BSE ou mau da vaca louca na imprensa escrita. Essas séries de índices são construídos somando-se o número de referências nos principais jornais norte americanos à problemas...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Sistema nacional de identificação animal; Segurança do alimento; Sistema de equações de demanda; Setor de carnes; EUA; Animal Identification System; Food Safety; System of Demand Equations; Meat Industry; USA; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112719
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Strategies for removal of indicator pathogenic bacteria from commercial harvested shellfish ArchiMer
Jones, S; Howell, T; O'Neill, K; Langan, R.
The Great Bay/Piscataqua River Estuary in New Hampshire and Maine has an abundant oyster resource in sewage-contaminated water. The only approved area in the Maine portion of the Estuary is Spinney Creek, where fecal indicator bacteria are present at reduced levels and Vibrio vulnificus is absent. Spinney Creek Oyster Company (SCOC) of Eliot, Maine, operates relay lagoons and a depuration facility for oysters harvested commercially from restricted areas of the Salmon Falls River in Maine. Oysters naturally contaminated with vibrios and fecal indicator bacteria were used to evaluate depuration and relaying as strategies for eliminating these bacteria from shellfish. Oysters and water were analysed for the presence of total and fecal coliforms, V....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: ANW; USA; New Hampshire; Great Bay Crassostrea Bivalvia Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio vulnificus Indicator species Microbial contamination Bacteria Oyster culture Vibriosis Bacterial counters Pathogenic bacteria Self purification.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-1598.pdf
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Subsurface drainage effects on soil penetration resistance and water table depth on a clay soil in the Red River of the North Valley, USA CIGR Journal
Hans J. Kandel; NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY; Jack A. Brodshaug; North Dakota State University; Dean D. Steele; North Dakota State University; Joel K. Ransom; North Dakota State University; Tom M. DeSutter; North Dakota State University; Gary R. Sands; University of Minnesota.
  Since 1993, the Red River of the North Valley in North Dakota (ND) and Minnesota (MN), in the USA has experienced increased annual rainfall which has caused localized seasonal soil waterlogging and inhibited crop yield potential in the unique, high water table clay soils of the region.  Subsurface (tile) drainage has been increasingly considered by farmers to help reduce excess water in the crop root zone.  Producers desire to manage the water table for optimizing yield and trafficability of the field.  The objective of this research was to evaluate differences in soil penetration resistance and water table depth between subsurface (drained) and non-subsurface drained treatments (undrained), using water control structures, in fallow, and cropped soybean...
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering; Plant Sciences Subsurface water management; Penetration resistance; Controlled drainage; Water table depth; Trafficability; USA.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2145
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Television Production: Its Changing Global Location, the Product Cycle and China AgEcon
Gao, Zhicun; Tisdell, Clement A..
This article concentrates on the global location of production of television receivers as a case study. The aim is to see if this accords with Vernon’s international product cycle theory or whether some modifications of the theory are required. The historical evolution of the global television industry is outlined and the global pattern of demand for television sets is explored, partly to relate the location of demand to the location of television production. Production cycles involved in television manufacture and its international location are then carefully explored both for black-and-white sets and for colour television. China’s rise to become the world’s major producers of television sets is given particular attention. Conclusions are drawn about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: China; Flying geese models; International product cycle; Japan; Multinationals; Technology transfer; Television; USA; International Development; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90530
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The decline of Chesapeake Bay oyster population : a century of habitat destruction and overfishing ArchiMer
Rotschild, B. J.; Ault, J. S.; Goulletquer, Philippe; Jensen, W. P.; Heral, Maurice.
The oyster population in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay has declined b y more than 38-fold since the early part of the century. Although the effects of fishing have been implicated, the decline has been attributed primarily to water quality and recently oyster disease. The decline has also been thought to have affected the biota and chemistry of the Bay. Our analysis provides a quantitative demonstration that the long-term declines are largely the result of habitat loss related to over fishing early in the century, stock over fishing, early in the century' through the recent times. Furthermore, the major ecological effects on Chesapeake Bay occurred well-before World War 1/, before industrialization and the prevalence of disease
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: USA; Chesapeake Bay; Prevalence of disease; Industrialization; Diseases; Crassostrea virginica; Oysters.
Ano: 1991 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1991/acte-3058.pdf
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